Kutai Martapura (350-400)
Kutai Kertanagara beginning around 1300
Kutai Martapura Kingdom was established in 400 AD under the king of Mulawarman Naladewa. Kutai Martapura is believed to be the oldest Hindu Kingdom in Indonesia, whose capital located in Muara Kaman.
The two successive kings of Kutai were Aswawarman and Mulawarman. They were descendents of the indigenous king, Kundunga.
Inscriptions in stone of found in east Kalimantan at a place now called Muara Kaman attest to this history as Brahmans erected stone memorial to express their gratitude and respect for the great king’s kindness, king of Mulawarnan who ruled from late in the fourth century. The stone inscribed in Sanskrit, using the Pallava script and dated to around the 4th century.
Kutai demonstrates an early transition to Brahmanism, as Mulawarman reportedly staged scarifies and represented fabulous gifts to his recently settled Brahmans. These Brahmans probably had come from India or may have been Austronesian who had voyaged to India for their religious training.
Islam spread mainly along the coast but as there were no active missionary efforts people in the interior kept their traditional belief systems.
Sultanate of Kutai Kertanagara was established on the coasts near the town of Pamarangan. This sultanate was supposedly founded by refugees from the Javanese state of Singasari who had arrived late in the 13th century and converted the local inhabitant to Islam.
Under the reign of Aji Pangeran Sinum Panji Mendapa (1605-1635), Kutai Martapura was integrated into the expanding Sultanate Kutai Kertanagara in 1630 AD.
History of Kutai Kingdom
