The Semantan War and the Resistance Against British Rule

The Semantan War (1891–1895) was a pivotal anti-colonial resistance in Pahang, driven primarily by the dissatisfaction of Malay nobility with British interference. The conflict was sparked in December 1890 when British officer E.A. Wise attempted to build a police station at Lubuk Terua—within Dato’ Bahaman’s jurisdiction—without consultation. This breach of protocol angered Dato’ Bahaman, and his refusal to obey the Sultan's summons led to his dismissal as Orang Kaya Semantan.

On 15 December 1891, Dato’ Bahaman retaliated by ambushing British officer C.E.M. Desborough at the Semantan River, forcing his troops to retreat. This bold move triggered a British military response. On 21 December, forces led by Hugh Clifford and Tengku Mahmud advanced to Kampung Kelubi but were again repelled by the Malays.

As Dato’ Bahaman became a symbol of resistance, the British intensified their efforts. In January 1892, they launched a “Military Movement” involving 800 troops to suppress the uprising. Despite destroying several forts, they failed to capture Dato’ Bahaman. He resurfaced in March 1892, regaining control of Lubuk Terua with support from Tok Gajah and local villagers.

In May, British forces again attacked, pushing the rebels to seek refuge in Kelantan and Terengganu. There, religious leaders like Tok Ku Paluh inspired the resistance with the concept of jihad. On 14 June 1894, Dato’ Bahaman and 100 fighters captured Kuala Tembeling and Jeram Ampai.

However, on 29 June, a British assault led by General Walker ended in heavy losses on both sides, including the death of Acting Administrator Wise. The conflict dwindled after that. By November 1895, key leaders including Dato’ Bahaman sought asylum in Siam and were resettled in Chiengmai, effectively ending the resistance. Tok Gajah and Mat Kilau were reported dead but later revealed to have survived under new identities.
The Semantan War and the Resistance Against British Rule